Green Synthesis of AuNPs by Crocus caspius—Investigation of Catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants, Their Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activity

Biogenic methods are an effective alternative to chemical in the preparation of nanoparticles. Our study used Crocus caspius extract synthesize gold nanoparticles (CC-AuNPs) a green manner. The eco-friendly synthesis AuNPs was conducted by optimizing temperature and concentration HAuCl4 extract. Synthesized CC-AuNPs were characterized using TEM, SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy. prepared detected with size around 22.66 ± 1.67 nm. FT-IR analysis biomolecules involved synthesizing performed. Additionally, these capped on revealed TG/DTA analysis. EDX demonstrated existence elemental gold. biosynthesized effectively applied as catalysts reduce three organic pollutant dyes—methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), 4-nitrophenol. In biological evaluations, free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay) indicated IC50 value 29.22 0.47 µg/mL. They displayed antibacterial against several bacterial strains. Their anticancer AGS MCF-7 cells showed concentrations at 48.2 µg/mL 51.76 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, presented excellent antileishmanial (IC50 = 13.92 µg/mL). Therefore, efficient biomedicine nanobiotechnology.